TH - 502  -    ADVANCED    THERMODYNAMICS

Laws  of Thermodynamics:

Equation of the first law  of  the thermodynamics, application of the first  law to Flow & Non Flow system, reversible & irreversible processes with ideal and real gases.

Statement of second law. Genralised Carnot cycle. Entropy & Exergy. Free energy and tied energy. Thermodynamics potential functions. Availability. Losses of maximum useful work.  Nerst's heat theorem.

Differential Equations  of Thermodynamics:

Formulae of partial derivatives for  internal energy. Differential equations for heat, enthalpy, entropy, free energy and isobaric  potential. Equations of heat capacities.  Application of general differential  equations of thermodynamics. Thermal coefficients.

Changes in States of Gases at their Transferences:

Throttling process. Joule Thomson  effect. Temperature of braking. Mixtures of ideal & real gases. Mixing of flowing gases, mixing of gases at constant volume                                                                                                                   

Equilibrium of Thermodynamic System:

Real substances & their properties.  Triple point. Critical point. Temperature-Entropy, Enthalpy-Entropy charts.  Equations of states for real gases  Vanderwaal's equation of state. Clayperon equations. Gibbs phase rule. Law of  corresponding states.

Fundamentals of Chemical Thermodynamics:

First law of thermodynamics in thermochemistry. Heat effects of reaction.  Hess's law.  Kirchhoff's law. Chemical equilibrium. Bond energy

Books:

1.     Engineering  Thermodynamics                         - Wan Wylen

2.     Engineering  Thermodynamics                         - G. Rogers &  Y.  Mayhow

3.     Engineering  Thermodynamics                         - Obert

4.     Engineering  Thermodynamics                         - Estop    

5.     Engineering Handbook 2^nd Edition                   - Richard C. Dorf

6.     Handbook of Applied Thermodynamics           - David Palmer, CRC Press

TH –503   HEAT  &  MASS  TRANSFER

Transient  Heat  Conduction: Newtonian heating/ cooling sudden  temperature changes  in finitely  thick slabs  & semi  infinite  solids, periodic  heat flow:  Graphical  solution, analysis of   thermocouple  response.

Convection: Convection heat transfer and boundary layers and development   of their  equations; approximation and special  condition, boundary  layer  similarity equations, Reynold’s analogy, similarity solutions  for flow  over flat  plate  convection heat  transfer in  flow  through circular pipes, Laminar  & Turbulent  flows.

Heat Transfer by Radiation: Heat radiation - a type of wave motion; concept  of   a perfect  black body; plank’s law of monochromatic   radiation of a black body; Kirchoff’s law of radiation, Stefan – Boltzman’s law of total radiation. Emissivity and absorptivity of different  bodies heat  exchange  between  black surfaces; heat exchange between planes of  different  emmissivity; heat exchange between and enclosed by and  the enclosure.

Boiling and Condensation:

Boiling: Boiling heat transfer, nature of vaporization, nucleate pool boiling and   empirical  correlations for pool boiling heat transfer, factors  affecting   pool boiling   film  coefficients, high heat flux boiling.

Condensation: Physical  Mechanisms. Laminar film condensation  on a vertical  plate, turbulent film  condensation, drop wise condensation.

Numerical Solution  of Conduction  problems and Mass Transfer: Introduction, finite  difference equations method of energy balance, finite  difference  formulation of unidirectional  for Cartesian  cylindrical  coordinate of various   kind of   boundary  conditions, heat conduction problems, numerical methods  of  solutions, numerical  solution of  transient heat diffusion problems.

Mass  Transfer: Convective mass transfer, equations  for  convective  mass transfer, boundary layer mass transfer empirical  correlations for convective  mass transfer.

Books:

1.     Principles of Heat Transfer                              - Kreith  Bohn

2.     Heat Transfer                                                  - J.P. Holman

3.     Handbook of Heat Transfer 3^rd Edition            -Rohsenow, W.M., James P. Hartnett, Young I. Cho

4.     Int. J. of Heat Mass Transfer                           - Elsevier Pub

5.     Journal of Heat Transfer                                  - ASME Pub            

TH - 504  -GAS   DYNAMICS  AND  FLOW  THROUGH  TURBOMACHINES

Fundamental  Equations of  Steady Flow:

Continuity equation, Equations of Motion, Euler's equation, Bernoulli’s equation, Energy equation, Stream Function and Velocity Potential                                                 

Potential Flow:

Elementary potential flows, Uniform flow, Source, sink, vortex and doublet. Superposition of flow patterns.  Flow over  immersed bodies.  Development of the  aerofoil-lift and drag, Kutta-Joukowski Profile,  pressure distribution over aerofoil blading.                                       

Viscous Flow:

Incompressible Flow: Laminar turbulent flows:  Navier Stoke's equation and exact solutions of steady flow  problems.  Flow through  pipes, flow over flat plates.  Laminar and turbulent boundary layers.  Dimensional analysis.                                                                                                              

Compressible Flow of Gases:

Isentropic and adiabatic flow, Stagnation and critical properties, Flow through ducts of constant area, Fanno line and Rayleigh  line flows. Fundamental equations and variation in flow properties. Flow with normal shock waves governing equations, Prandtl Meyer and Rankine Hugoniot relations, Strength of a shock wave, Moving normal shock waves.         

Cascade Tests:

Fundamental equation of flow through turbo machinery. Radial equilibrium equation. Vortex flow through turbo machines. Losses in turbo machinery. Dimensional analysis of flow through turbo machines.  Surging and choking.                      

Books:

1.     Fundamentals of Compressible Flows                                - Yahya

2.     Compressible Fluid Flow                                   - Michel A. Saad

3      Introduction to Fluid Mechanics                       - Fox and Mc Donald

4.   Turbo Machines                                                 -  A. Valan Arasu

5.     Applied Fluid Dynamics Handbook                   - Robert D. Blevins

6.     Int J. of Heat and Mass Transfer                      - Elsevier Pub

7.     Fluid Dynamics Journal                                    - Springer Pub.

TH-511    -  MATERIALS PROCESSING FOR TURBOMACHINERY COMPONENTS

Factors influencing selection of materials requirements for the high  temperature materials.  Creep, creep ruptures, yield and fatigue strengths considerations erosion resistance, oxidation resistance.  Materials  suitable for various components of turbo-machines and other rotating machines.                                                                                              

Metal Cutting Process:

Economics  of metal cutting, special tools used in large size job manufacturing, process planning for production of large   sized job. Setting of jobs and  tools for  production  of heavy equipment.

NC, CNC  and DNC  Machine  Tools:

Programming methods  for  processes like turning, milling, boring and grinding, FMS and CIM System.

Unconventional  Methods of Machining:

Like EDM, ECM, laser  machining, abrasive  jet  machining, ultra-sonic  Machining.

Welding Processes:

Submerged arc welding, gas metal arc welding, electro-slag and  electro gas welding, CO₂ welding, laser welding, electron-beam welding, narrow gap welding.

Heat treatments of  welds – preheating   & stress  relieving, flame cutting.

Ultra-sonic, radio graphic, dye penetrant, magnetic particle, eddy current, acoustic emission.                            

Rapid proto – typing  by CAD/CAM.

Near net shape  forging.

Total Quality Management (T.Q.M.):

Elements of  T.Q.M., aims  and techniques for  T.Q.M. quality circles.

I.S.O. 9000 series I.S.O. – 14000 (Environment) BIS/IS , IS – 14000 and related  standards. Standards  on materials  used in  turbines and generators.

Books:

1.     Manufacturing Engg.                        -               Koenia (Taylor  Francis)

2.     Tools & Manufacturing                    -               S.M.E. (Mc Graw Hill)

Engineers Handbook                                                       

TH - 512  PRODUCTION   AND   OPERATION MANAGEMENT PLANNING

Introduction to Production/ Operations Management: Evolution and scope, issues a   nd trends, competitive operations strategies, forecasting, decision theory.

Planning and control for job batch and mass production. Functions and importance of PPC. Aggregate planning, techniques of materials planning, sequencing concepts, game theory.

Maintenance Management: Objectives of maintenance, requirements for good maintenance, maintenance systems design of maintenance systems, challenges in maintenance function. Spare parts management.

Quantitative decision Techniques.

Project Management: Difference between PERT & CPM, advantages and limitations of network analysis, cost analysis, crashing.

Inventory Control:   Objectives and functions, factors influencing inventory control system.

Basic concepts of inventory related costs, E.O.Q. quantity discount, and selective inventory control.

Linear programming:    Graphical solution and simplex method, transportation and assignment model simulation.

Product, Process and Facility Planning:  Product and process selection, Significance of plant location & site evaluation objectives of plant layout, types of layout, effect of automation on layout.

Material Handling: Principles, types of material handing equipment and their selection.

Quality Control and Assurance: Objectives and importance of quality control systems. Statistical quality control techniques, sampling plans, O.C. Curve. I.S.O. 9000 series elements of Q.M.

Reference Books:

1.     Production Management                                  - L.N.Agrawal & Parag Diwan (OM SystemsSeries)

2.     Production Management                                  - E.S.Buffa

3.     Linearing Programming                                   - P.Loomba

4.     CPM and PERT                                                               - L.Srinath

5.     Maintenance and spare                                     - P.Gopalkrishnan (Prentice –Hall)

        parts Management.

6.     Maintenance Handbook                                                  

7.     Int. J. of Computers and Industrial Engg          

8.     Int. J. of Operation Research                          

TH - 513    EXPERIMENTAL STRESS ANALYSIS

Stress and Strain:

Principle stresses, Mohr’s stress circle, Isoclinic, Isostatic, Isochromatic, Isopachic, stress strain relationship. Measurement: Types of instruments, linearity, experimental errors, analysis of data

Whole field method:

Photoelasticity, optic laws, plane polariscope, circular polariscope, white light illumination, analysis of photoelastic data, stress coat and membrane analogy

Electrical wire resistance strain gauges:

Strain gauges, construction material, foil gauges, applying the gauges, gauge factor and gauge sensitivities, determination of actual strains, stress gauge

Strain Gauge Rosette:

Types of rosette, four element rectangular rosette, Tee-delta rosette, rosette analysis.

Measuring Circuits: Various circuits, Compensation, Wheatstone bridge, various circuits and their analysis, strain gauge applications

Application:

Design of turbo machinery components such as steam turbine rotor, L.P. and H.P. cylinder diaphragm value rotary compressors and its parts. Fatigue testing and vibration studies.                                                                                 

Reference Books:

1.     Experimental Stress Design              - Daly and Reilly

2.     Experimental Stress Design                              - Sadhu Singh

3.     Experimental Stress Design              - Abdul Momein

4.    Journal of Mechanical Design            - ASME Pub

TH - 514      MAINTENANCE  OF   THERMAL    POWER   PLANT   EQUIPMENTS

Maintenance Management:

Maintenance strategies, maintenance schedule, emergency maintenance procedure spare part management, inventory control purchase procedure and storage. Warning systems, organization of maintenance department, human consideration. 

Diagnostic Maintenance and Machine Health Monitoring:

Introduction to maintenance techniques, preventive and predictive maintenance, signature analysis, observational and estimation techniques, online techniques specially dealing with instrumentation system , off-line techniques, non-destructive testing, practical application of diagnostic maintenance to specific industrial machinery and plants.  Various techniques of condition monitoring wear analysis, vibration and noise signature, thermography etc.

Mechanism of Lubrication & Lubricants:

Lubrication Regimes: Lubrication regimes, analysis  and modes of lubrication  in different bearings, squeeze films, fluid film,  elasto-hydrodynamic and  boundary lubrication, theories and  applications, environmental effects on lubrications,  types of lubricant and properties, non-conventional lubricants and applications.

Failure Mechanisms and Analysis:

Material failure and failure due to environmental effects, Introduction:  Importance of failure analysis, common causes of failure in metals & alloys. Failure due to faulty heat treatment, embrittlement of metals. Residual stresses in metals, and their effects. Defects in production and manufacture. Design faults, analysis of engineering failures, failure due to abuse of machinery, failure of seals & packing, failure of bearings, failure of gears, fatigue failure, failure due to time – temperature  effects (creep) corrosion etc.

Maintenance of Power Plant Machinery:

Predictive and preventive maintenance of steam turbine and its components.  Erosion of blades and its prevention.  Lubrication of bearings, values etc.  Maintenance scheduling, methods of detection of leaking and its prevention in the condensers.  Condenser fault systems and its cases.  On load and off load cleaning of condenser tubes.  Maintenance scheduling of cooling water plants, cooling towers etc.  Life enhancement techniques, case studies.                                                                                              

Books:

1.   Maintenance & Spare Parts & Management                                       - P. Gopal Krishnan

2.   Modern Power Station Practice                                                          - 10 Volumes in Reference British 

                                                                                                                                -  Electricity Int. Ltd                                                   

3.     Power Generation Handbook                                                            - Philip Kiameh. Mc Graw Hill

TH – 551      INSTRUMENTATION AND CONTROL

Mechatronics:

Introduction to Mechatronics, Mechatronics key elements, Measurement systems, Control systems, Mechatronics approach problems, Mechatronics design process.

Fundamentals of Measurement System:

Fundamental method of measurement, generalized measuring systems, stages in measurements, Sensor–transducer stage, signal conditioning stage, Terminating readout stage, types of input quantities – time dependant, analogue and  digital signals.  Measurement standards, calibration.

Performance Characteristics of Instruments:

Introduction, static performance characteristics. Errors and Uncertainties, parameters. Dynamic performance characteristics: dynamic response, system transfer function and frequency response

Elements of Measurement Systems:

Signal conditioning, Data presentation systems, Pneumatic and Hydraulic systems, Mechanical and electrical  actuation  systems, Basic system models, Microprocessors, Programmable logic  controllers, communication systems.

Applied  Mechanical  Measurements:

 Determination  of count, events  per unit time and time intervals, Measurement   of  stress and  strain,  Pressure, Temperature, fluid flow, motion,  Humidity, Torque and power  measurements.

List of Books:

                                                                TH – 552    THERMAL  POWER  PLANT  ENGINEERING

Siting of  Power Stations & Plant Layout:

The basic site requirements & selection, economics of fuel transport, transmission of electricity, government consolation. Effects of  design parameters.

Site  layouts: Station layout, set arrangements, Boiler house arrangements, Turbine house arrangements, Plant control arrangements, Coal reception facilities.

Power Plants  Economics:

Effects of   plant  type  on  costs, rates, fixed elements, Energy Elements, Customer Elements, The investor’s Profit, Depreciation and  replacement, Theory of  rates. Load curve, Load  duration curve, Load factor and  diversity factor. Effect of load curve  and diversity  factor on the   performance  of power plant. Simple  problems.

Duct Work,Piping and Insulation:

Design and layout of   ducting  for air, fuel, gases and pulverized fuels. Selection of piping  and pipe  joints . Pipe flexibility analysis. Various  valves, control valves  motor  operated  valves, solenoid valves, selection of valves. Expansion of pipe lines, pipe joint, pipe supports, pipe layout. Pipe  insulation. Optimum  and Economic  thickness. Specification of insulation.

Power Plant Components:

Fuel and ash handling, pulverisers, pulverized fuel  firing burbers, dust handling, concept  of  fluidized  bed  combustion. Radiant superheaters and reheaters, economizer and preheaters. Combustion and   furnace  design. Water  supply and  treatment system. Draft and arrangement of draft fans.Type of Steam turbines, cylinder and rotor details, different  types of cooling  systems, open, closed, mixed and dry  cooling  tower  system. Air cooled condensers. Ejector and   vacuum pumps. Feed heating system. Low  pressure and high  pressure heaters, evaporators and  deaerator, feed line protection. Boiler feed  pumps, different type of drives, steam turbine  driven boiler feed pump.

Plant  Instrumentation: General & Special Instrumentation, centralized & automatic control equipment, , types of controls: Combustion, steam – temperature, feed water etc.

Supercritical Power Stations:

Plant components,  principle of  working , performance curves, flow diagram.

Power Plant  Testing:

Installation, adjustments & Commissioning.. Preliminary performance checks, acceptance tests for  various  components, heat balance  of individual  items and of the  entire plant. Commissioning of  power plant.     

Power Plant Management:

Preparing  specifications, contract documents, guarantees, buying equipment , power plant personnel & their training, plant protection against fire and other hazards – selection and  purchase of fuel. Seismic analysis for all power equipment to be installed in seismic zones.

Operation and Maintenance of Turbines:

Starting, loading and stopping of turbine, normal operation checks, maintenance logging, parallel operation, performance of the turbine as an individual unit and as a component of  a power  plant, Reliability, Availability and Maintainability of Power Plant.

Books:

                1.   Power Plant Engineering                                                    - Arora & Domkundwar

                2.   Power Plant Engg                                                                              - P.K.Nag

                3.   Modern Power Station Practice                                          - 10 Volumes in Reference British Electricity Int.  Ltd

                4.   Power Technology and Engineering Journal                       - Springer Pub. New York

TH - 553     THEORY AND  DESIGN OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

Classification, temperature distribution for parallel flow, counter flow, cross flow, heat exchanger, evaporators and condensers, concept of LMTD and overall heat transfer coefficient .

Fouling of heat exchangers, NTU method for gauging exchanger performance, LMTD for parallel, counter and cross flow heat exchangers, effectiveness for parallel and counter flow exchangers.

Important design considerations: material selection and optimization of  heat exchangers,  analysis of regenerative heat exchangers. Vibrations induced by flow, International Standards for heat exchangers.

Thermal and Mechanical Design of:

a)                    Shell & tube heat exchangers.

b)                   Double pipe           ‘

c)                    Extended surface    ‘

d)                   Condensers & evaporators.

e)                    Boilers & feed water heaters.

f)                    Air preheaters.

g)                    Dictators.

h)                   Heat exchanger for nuclear application.

Books:

1.     Design of  Heat Exchanger                                                               - Kern

2.   Principles of  Heat  Transfer                                                              - Kreith Bohn         

3.     Heat Exchanger Design Handbook                                   - Begell House Inc.

4.     Journal of Heat Transfer                                                  - ASME Pub

TH –    554    DESIGN OF POWER GENERATION SYSTEMS

A.

Stator Design  :

Design of  Casing & Diaphragms: Design  and  construction of diaphragms, diaphragms considering   flow  analysis. Casing, steam  sealing systems; labyrinth,  glands, packings  & bearing, Design and RAM Analysis  of steam turbine components.

Rotor Design:

Rotor Stresses & Design:

Design of  turbine rotors. Rotors  of  constant  strength and of  constant  thickness  rotors  with  hyperbolic  profile. Temperature stresses in rotors, graphical  method  of modification  of rotor profile, mathematical  and finite  difference methods  of   calculating  stresses  in rotors  of  given profile. Wheel drums, stress analysis  of  drums, type  of rotors, stresses at  slots.

Turbine Rotor Vibration:

Critical speeds, balancing of rotors.

Stress analysis of steam turbine  diaphragm  components. Diaphragms of constant and  variable  thickness.Blade section, centrifugal stresses in blades, gas bending  stresses, blade vibrations, analysis  of   factors  causing  blade  vibrations. Experimental  techniques for the study of  blade vibrations. Numerical analog and other  experimental  methods for  studying  blade  stresses.

B.

Steam Turbine Systems:

Design procedure for steam turbine stages. Blade erosion, Binary Vapour Cycle and Cogeneration.

System  of  turbine governing, Overspeed  tripping,  design of the  lubricating   system.    

Engines Systems:

(a) Fuel Systems: S.I.Engine, CI Engines and Gas Turbines

(b) Combustion: S.I. and C.I. Engine Combustion, and Gas Turbines & Combustion chamber          design.

Trends in Engine Technology:

(a) Gas Exchange Process: Valve  Operation  &  Manifolds.  Valves  Configuration, Variable          Valve Actuation, Valve failure and Maintenance. Induction  Process  & Exhaust Process & Systems.

(b) Alternative Technology: Alternative power Sources:Fuel cells,Hybrid Engine Technology,       Rotary Engines etc.Fuels:Use of Alternative Fuels.

Books:

                1.    Steam Turbines                                                                                                            - R. Yadav

                        2.    Steam Turbines                                                                                                            - Keorton

3.    IC Engines Fundamentals                                                                - J.B. Heywood

4.    Introduction to IC Engines                                                             - Richard Stone

5.         Power Generation Handboojk                                                  - Philip Kiameh

6.         Internal Combustion Engine Handbook                                - Richard Van Basshuysen, Fred Schaefer.

7.         Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power           - ASME Pub

TH - 561- THEORY   AND   DESIGN  OF   GAS TURBINES

The Gas Turbine Plant:

Historical review. Thermodynamic analysis of practical gas turbine cycles. The turboprop engine. The compressor, combustor, turbine and exhaust nozzle characteristics. Performance characteristics of the stationary and turboprop and turbojet engine. The turbojet engine, components. Specific thrust and overall efficiency. Static and flight performance at the design point.                                                                    

Fundamentals of rotating machines.  Impulse and reaction machines.  The centrifugal compressor:

Works done and pressure rise.  Design of centrifugal compressor, surge & stall.                 

The Axial Flow Compressor:

Principle of operation, velocity triangles. Design procedure for single and multistage compressors. Three dimensional effect compressor performance. Description and problems of transonic and supersonic compressors.  

The Turbine: 

The impulse turbine.  Single and multiwheel turbine efficiency, Number of stages blade passages, Vortex design of turbine blades. Blade design & manufacture blade material  and blade cooling, limiting factors in  turbine design. 

Combustion in Gas Turbine:

Problem to be faced in the design of gas turbine combustion systems. Fuel injection system. Combustion chamber  designs. Pressure loss. Temperature distribution, Reaction time, Flame stabilization

Turbine Characteristics:

Off design performance of gas turbine plant, Matching of the engine components, equilibrium running diagram. Specific thrust and specific fuel consumption in such case for  stationary turbojet and turboprop units.                              

Books:

1.     Gas  Turbine                                                                     - Cohan Rogers

2.   Gas Turbine                                                                        - Ganesan

3.   Gas Turbine Engineering Handbook, 3rd edition                                 - Dr. Meherwan P. Boyce, P.E.

4.    Handbook of Turbomachinery                                          - Earl Logan

5.    Journal of Turbomachinery                                                               - ASME Pub

6.    Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power                           - ASME Pub

TH-562   WIND ENERGY  AND ITS UTILISATION

Introduction: Historical developments, state of art of wind energy technology, wind power plant economics, decommissioning, present status and future trends.

Characteristics of wind: Nature of atmospheric winds; wind resource characteristics and assessment; anemometry; wind statistics; speed frequency distribution, effect of height, wind rose, Weibull distribution, atmospheric turbulence, gust wind speed, effect of topography

Aerodynamics of blade and rotor: Aerodynamics of aerofoil; lift; drag; stall; effect of Reynold's number; actuator disc; momentum theory and Betz coefficient; design of wind turbine blade; stall regulation, coefficient of power, optimal choice of cut-in, rated and cut-out wind speeds, blade materials.

Wind turbine design: Vertical and horizontal axis turbines, design characteristics, multiple stream tube theory, vortex wake structure; tip losses;  rotational sampling, wind turbine design programs, aerodynamic loads, tower shadow, wind shear, blade coning, gyroscopic, transient and extreme loads. Aerodynamic damping and stability, teetering motion, stiff and soft towers, power train dynamics.

Electrical elements, controls and mechanisms: Pitch control , yaw control, aerodynamic braking, teeter mechanism, control policies and their effect on energy capture and mechanical stress on wind turbine components. Wind turbine dynamics with induction and synchronous generators. Power electronics interfaces for variable speed operation, wind farm electrical design, effect of wind turbulence and wind farm geometry on system voltage flicker

Wind farm: Planning of wind farms, special application for developing countries, maintenance and operation, wind farm management, site selection and optimum siting. Environmental issues; noise, visual impact etc.

Books and References:

1.             Wind Energy Conversion System                                                             - L.L.Freris, , Printice Hall.

2.             Wind Turbine Engineering Design.                                           - Eglestone & Stoddard

3.             Wind Energy Comes of Age                                                     - Paul Gipe, , John Wiley & Sons Inc

4.             Wind energy Hand Book                                                          - Tony Burton et al, , John Wiley & Sons Inc

5.             Indian Windpower 2004                                                           - Directory, , CECL, Bhopal

6.             Int. J. Wind Energy

7.             Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics       -  Elsevier Pub.

TH -563  RELIABILITY  AVAILABILITY  AND  MAINTAINABILITY ENGINEERING

Introduction to Reliability  Availability and  Maintainability (RAM), Development of   RAM  Engineering, Reliability  Availability and  Maintainability utilization factors, down time   consequences.

Reliability Reliability  engineering   fundamentals and applications, Historical perspectives, Definition of  Reliability, Role of  Reliability  evaluation, Reliability  assessment, relationship  between  different  Reliability functions, typical   Hazard  functions, Mean  time to failure, Cumulative  Hazard  function and average  failure rate, Application of  Probability distribution function in  Reliability  evaluation  combinational Aspects  of  Reliability, Markov models optimization of system Reliability,  Heuristic Methods applied to optimal  system Reliability.

Maintainability : Definition  and application of Maintainability  Engineering, Factors  affecting  Maintainability. Maintainability design criteria, operating and down  time categories, Maintainability and its  qurantification, Mean time to  activity  restore an equipment, Mean Maintenance man houurs, Mean time for corrective  and  Preventive  Maintenance,  Replacement  Policies.

Availability, types  of Availability, approaches to increase  equipment  Availability.

Reference Books:

1.   SERC  School on RAM Engineering for Manufacturing   servicing and   Process

      Industries.                                                                          -               April 14-25 , 1997, IIT, Delhi.

2.   Reliability  Engineering  Fundamentals                                               -               R. Ramakumar

      and  Applications.

3.   Maintainability, Availability and                                         -               Dimitri Kececelogu Vol. - I

      Operational Readiness  Engineering

4.   Reliability  Engineering                                                      -               Govil

5.   Reliability Engineering                                                       -               Balguruswamy         

TH-564  NUMERICAL  HEAT TRANSFER

Introduction: Mathematical Background

Classification of differential equations, representative differential equations for heat transfer and fluid flow; Boundary and initial condition; Integral forms.

Survey of Numerical Methods Used in Heat Transfer

Finite Difference Methods:

Basic concepts, Direct approximation approach, Taylor series, Control Volume approach, Truncation error, Discretization and round off errors; convergence, numerical stability, Solution of simultaneous equations, Transient diffusion.

Finite Element Methods:

Steps for FEM solution, Fundamentals, Interpolation functions, Galerkin method, Elements, Assembly, Steady Diffusion, Transient Diffusion

Simulation of Transport Process

Conduction Heat Transfer:

Steady and unsteady state one & two dimensional problems. Explicit, Implicit and Crank-Nicolson scheme, ADI and ADE methods.

Convection Heat Transfer:

Boundary Layer Flows, Similarity solutions, Derived Variables, Patankar/Spalding Methods for two-dimensional flows.

Elliptic Solutions:

Control Volume formulation. Energy and other scalar equations, Momentum equations, Segregated Solution method; SIMPLE & SIMPLER schemes, Stream Function – Vorticity Transport method.

Turbulence:

Examples of turbulent flows, Stress relations, Reynolds stresses, turbulence model computations, Analogy between Heat Transfer and Momentum, Linearization of source terms.

Books:

1.     Computational Fluid flow and Heat Transfer                    - K. Muralidhar, T. Sundarajan

2.   Computer simulation of Flow and Heat Transfer                                - P.S. Ghoshdastidar

3.   Numerical Heat Transfer                                                    - S.V. Patankar

4.   Turbulent Flows                                                                                 - G. Biswas and V. Eswaran

5.   Handbook of Numerical Heat Transfer                                               - John-Wiley & Sons, New York.

6.   International Journal of Numerical Methods for Heat and Mass transfer.

TH - 601 - THERMAL    ENVIRONMENTAL   ENGINEERING

The need of environmental control in industry. Thermodynamic properties of moist air, psychrometric chart and its applications.

Thermal exchanges of body with environment. Physiological hazards resulting from heat exposure.

Application of physiological principle to comfort and industrial thermal environments.

Environmental requirements for various components (e.g. men, material, machinery, and processes) for a few important heavy industries. Various types of A/c systems used in industries              

Various systems of refrigeration and their application to environmental control. Vapour compression refrigeration system, Multi evaporator multi compressor systems, Vapour absorption system, Evaporative Cooling, Desiccant cooling systems

Various system of ventilation for industry.  Systems of dust removal.  Applications of the above. Noise  and noise control.                                                                                                                                           

Air conditioning load calculations, various systems of air conditioning for industries. Recommendations of ISO 140000 for thermal environment.                                         

Books:

1.     Refrigeration and Air Conditioning                   - Arora and Domkundwar

2.   Refrigeration and Air Conditioning                     - C.P. Arora

3.   Thermal Environmental Engg                                            - Threkald

4.   Air Conditioning Engg                                        - Jones

5.   Air Conditioning Handbook                                                - James R. Watt

6.   Int. J. of Refrigeration                                       - Elsevier Pub.

7.   ASHRAE Transactions                                       - ASHRAE

TH - 602  - NON CONVENTIONAL  THERMAL ENERGY  SYSTEM

Energy sources   & Availability:

Conventional, Non–conventional, renewable, non-renewable sources of energy, prospects & perspectives & advantages. Introduction to different types of non-conventional source of energy – solar, wind, biomass, OTEC, geothermal, hydrogen energy, fuel cells, MHD, thermionic–convertor, thermo-electric power.

Solar Energy:

Solar constant, solar radiation geometry, local solar time, day length, solar radiation measurement: radiation on inclined surface, solar radiation data & solar charts, solar energy storage devises, application of solar energy solar cookers, solar still, solar refrigeration, active & passive heating system passive heating & cooling of  buildings. Solar photovoltaic system – principle, main parts & modules.

Solar Collectors:

Principle, classification. Flat plate & concentrating   collector, description  of each  type. Design of flat plate collector-characteristics, loss-coefficient, heat transfer analysis. Long term average performance. Improving efficiency of solar collector. Testing of   solar collector. Solar  water   heating   system, types of details.

Biomass Energy:

Introduction to biomass, biofuels & their heat content, biomass  conversion  technologies. Aerobic  & anaerobic digester. Factors affection  biogestion, biogas plants -  types & description. Utilisation of biogas – Gasifiers, direct  thermal   application  of  Gasifiers. Advantages  & problems  in  development  of Gasifiers, use in I.C. engines.

Details  of   some  other  non-conventional  energy  source.

Other Energy Sources:

Geothermal Energy:  Status   & estimates, geothermal sources, geothermal   systems  & their  characteristics.

Fuel Cells:  Principle & classification, types conversion efficiency, polarization & advantages MHD power   generation – principle, types closed  & open cycle system, materials.

Energy form thermo nuclear fusion, OTEC, hydrogen, thermoionic generation & tidal & waves.

Books:

1.     Principles of  Solar Energy                                                               - Duffy & Beckman

2.     Principles of  Solar Energy                                                               - AAM Shayigh

3.     Solar Energy                                                                    - S.P. Sukhatme

4.     Energy Technology                                                         - S. Rao &  SB Parulkar

5.     Standard Handbook of Powerplant Engineering                                - Thomas C. Elliott, Kao Chen, Robert Swanekamp 

6.     Solar Energy Journal                                                        - Elsevier Publication

7.     Biomass and Bioenergy Journal                                        - Elsevier Publication

TH-611    VIBRATIONS   AND   ITS   APPLICATION  FOR DESIGN OF  TURBO   MACHINERY

Importance of Vibration Study in engineering. Elements of a vibrating system, Free vibration of single-degree of freedom linear systems. Methods of vibration analysis: Energy method. Newton’s method & Rayleigh method. Differential equations of motion for first order and second order linear systems. Transverse vibration of beams. Damped free vibration, viscous, coulomb damping dry friction logarithmic decrement.

Forced vibration of single degree of freedom linear systems. Response of first order systems to harmonic excitation. Frequency response. Response of second order systems to harmonic excitation. Rotating unbalance, whirling of rotating shafts.

Harmonic motion of the base, vibration isolation, transmissibility, force transmission to foundations

Vibration measuring instruments eg Seismic mass, vibrometer, Accelerometer. Energy dissipation. Forced vibration with coulomb hystersis or structural & viscous damping.

Equation of motion for a two degrees of freedom system. Free vibration of undamped systems. Natural modes. Orthogonality of modes. Natural co-ordinates. Response of a two degrees of freedom system to initial and harmonic excitation. Dynamic absorbers lagranges equation influence coefficients, semidefinite system.

Torsional vibration of one, two and three rotor system. Equivalent shafting. Torsional vibration of a geared system. Torsional vibration with harmonic excitation, Critical speed of a shaft having a single disc with damping.

Reference Books:

1.     Mechanical Vibrations                                                                              - G.K. Grover

2.     Theory of Vibration with Application                                      - Thomson

3.     Mechanical Vibration                                                                               - Den Hartog

4.     Mechanical Vibration                                                                               - Steidel

5.     Shock and Vibration Handbook Vol I, II, III                                             - Harris and Creed

6.     Journal of Sound and Vibration                                                 - Elsevier Publication

TH - 612  THEORY   AND  DESIGN  OF  BLOWERS   AND  COMPRESSORS  AND INDUSTRIAL  STEAM TURBINES

Energy interchange in fluid machinery, momentum-principle, streamline theory, momentum and circulation.    

Theory of centrifugal impeller for incompressible fluid, velocity triangle - impleller for approach and prerotation vortex theory. Blower casing volute, vaned and vaneless diffuser, thermodynamics of turboblowers.  Dimensionless  characteristic of turboblowers.                                         

Axial Flow Compressors. Two dimensional Cascade: Theoretical analysis of performance and experimental works.  Howell's and Cartter's correlations for low  speed.  Effect of Reynolds and Mach numbers.  Pitch line design of axial flow compressor. 

Radial equilibrium.  Calculation of losses and  stage efficiencies.  Stresses in the dises and blades - interstage traversing, measurements of total and static pressures and vane angles.     

Transonic and supersonic compressors.                                                

Industrial Steam Turbines. Type of  Industrial  Steam Turbines.

Books:

1.             Turbines Fans and Compressors                                                                - S.M. Yahya

2.             A Practical Guide to Steam Turbine Technology                      - Heinz P. Bloch     

3.             Compressor Handbook                                                             - Paul Hanlon

4.             Journal of Turbomachinery                                                      - ASME Pub

TH 613  GENERAL COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN

Computer Technology, Data Representation , Languages, Operating The Computer System, Introduction To Workstations, Graphic Terminals, Input/Output Devices Graphic Package, Fundamental Of CAD, Design Process , Database Constructing The Geometry, Wire Frame And Solid Model. Autocad Software Package And Its Applications, Use Of autolisp. CAD-CAM  Integration . Introduction To Software Packages And Its Applications.

BOOKS

1.        Engineering Design                                  - G.E. Dieter, Mc.Graw Hill Pub.

2.        CAD/CAM                                                               - Ibrahim Zied, Mc Graw Hill Pub

3.        CAD/CAM                                                               - Groover & Zimmer, P.H.I. Pub

TH 614   CONCURRENT ENGINEERING

Introduction to Concurrent Engineering, Fundamentals of CE, Need and basic principles of CE, Benefits of implementation of CE, Introduction to various integrating mechanisms, forming of CE team. Teamwork: Interfacing of manufacturing and design, selection of key techniques and methodologies, selection of CE tools.

Quality by design: Quality Function Deployment methodology, Taguchi methods of robust design, Design for manufacturability: Virtual manufacturing.

Introduction to Value Engineering, Value Engineering analysis and techniques, Design for assembly : Introduction to various DFA technologies.

Rapid Prototyping: Need and use of RP, various RP technologies,

Design for Reliability: Reliability fundamentals and design for reliability principles, Design for Serviceability: Factors affecting serviceability, serviceability evaluation, Design for Maintainability and Economics.

References: -

1.        John. R. Hartley, Susmu Okamato. “Concurrent Engineering, shortening lead times, raising quality & lowering costs”.

2.        Don Clausing, “Total quality development, a step by step guide to world class concurrent engineering”.

3.        Thomas A. Salomone, “ Concurrent engineering, what every engineer should know about series”.

TH-541   THERMAL ENGG LAB – I

                 Various Experiments in the area of Heat Transfer 

1.        General study of Heat Exchangers

2.        Determination of LMTD and Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Parallel Flow Heat Exchanger.

3.        Determination of LMTD  and Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Counter Flow Heat Exchanger

4.        Determination of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient of a Double Pass Heat Exchanger

5.        Determination of Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient for Cross Flow Air/Water Heat Exchanger

6.        Performance of Heat Pipe as Compared with Thermal Siphon and Air Pipe

7.        Determination of Thermal Conductivity of Metal Rod

8.        Determination of Heat Transfer in Forced Convection

9.        Dropwise and Filmwise Condensation

10.     Determination of Stefan Boltzman constant by Stefan Boltzman apparatus

TH-591   THERMAL ENGG LAB – II

1         Study of Wind Tunnel

2         To Determine Volume Flow Rate for Low Speed Wind Tunnel using Pitot Tube

3         To Study Flow around Circular/Irregular Shaped Body

4         Calibration of Thermocouple

5         Heat Balance Sheet for C.I. Engine

6         To find Effect of Compression Ratio on I.C. Engine Performance

7         Study of Experimental Facility on 4 BHP and 40 BHP Steam Turbine available in Laboratory

8         Study of Gas Turbine

9         To Conduct Numerical Experiments with IDEAS and FLUENT Softwares for exploration of problems related to Fluid Flow and   Heat Transfer including learning of using these softwares

10      Experiments on Instrumentatio