Maulana Azad National Institute of Technology, Bhopal (MP)

Institute

Syllabus Enviornment Engg.

Master of Technology Course in

ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING (Full Time)

SEMESTER I

(MTH-503) STATISTICAL TECHNIQUES & COMPUTER APPLICATION IN E.E

Part A: SYSTEM MATHEMATICS

Concept of a system and system analysis, Introduction to mathematical programming techniques. Linear programming, Feasible solutions, Solutions, Simplex and Revised Simplex methods, Duality.

Integer programming, Brach and Bount, Cut, Transportation and Assignment algorithms

Non-linear programming, Single variable and Multi variable optimization problems with and without constraints, Quadratic programming, Geometric programming, Goal programming

Network analysis, Game theory and Queuing systems

Part B : MATHEMATICAL MODELLING

Introduction, Development of models, Model evaluation, Modelling and information content of data. Characteristics of distribution, A.M.G.M., H.M., Median and Mode, Mean and Standard deviation.

Statistical frequency distributions, Common probability functions, confidence intervals, Tolerance limits, Hypothesis testing, Fundamentals of Simulation. Binomial normal and poisson distribution, theory of MPN.

Calibration and evaluation of linear models, stepwise regression analysis, Regression Analysis of Non-linear models.

Curve fitting, method of least squares, Application to public health engg problems, Correlation and regression, Random sampling, Choice of samples and selection, Large and small samples, Students '+' distribution. Vital statistics, Mortality tables, Birth rate, death rate.

(ENV-501) ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY & ECOLOGY

Life support system : Role of life science in environmental engineering as useful, nuisance causing and harmful organisms.

The microorganism : Cell structure, eukaryotes prokaryotes, viruses. Their detection and quantification.

Nutrition and growth conditions : Temperature, pH, Oxygen, Nutritional requirements as selective agents for microbial population.

Chemical composition of cell and nature of organic matter used by microorganisms.

Metabolic classification of microorganisms : phtottrops, chemotrops, application in environmental field.

Enzymes function, classification, kinetics, inhibitors inhibition.

ATP formation : energy generation in cell.

Metabolism : central pathways; aerobic anaerobic and Aermentative metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids and hydrocarbons, control of metabnolic reactions.

Kinetics of biological growth bacterial growth in terms of numbers and mass, growth curve, interpretation of curve, substrate limited growth, M onod's expression, substrate utilization and cell growth, effect of endogeneous metabolism, effect of temperature application of growth and substrate removal kinetics to biological treatment.

Microbiology and ecology of activated sludge process, trickling filters, oxidation ponds, aerobic and anaerobic digesters, anaerobic filters, UASB reactors, composting, vermiculture and other methods. Reduction of pathogen in treatment processes.

Nuisance microorganisms : Algae, fungi, bacteria.

Water related and excreta related diseases : Environmental classification, key concepts used in classification.

Indicator microorganisms : bacteria, algae, protzoa

Bacteriological tests : Plate count, presumptive confirmed and completed tests for coliforms, fecal coliforms test fecal streptococci test, bifido bacterium test, clostridium welchii test, MTD MF techniques, algae counting.

Ecology: Basic principles, food chain, trophic structure, grass production to total community respiration ratio (P/R), biogeochemical cycles, limiting factors - liebig's law extended, ecological regulation, important ecosystems.

(ENV- 502) ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMISTRY

Basic Principles: Chemical equations, types of chemical reactions, stoichiometric calculations, solutions, chemical thermodynamics, fundamentals of process kinetics, gas laws, ways of shifting chemical equilibria.

Acid base equilibria: Equilibrium calculations, equilibrium diagrams, alkalinity, acidity, buffers, buffer index, measurement of alkalinity.

Solubility equilibria : Solubility equilibrium for slightly soluble salts, effect of other solutes on salt solubilities, competing acid-base equilibra, effect of complexions, hydrolysis, computing total soluble species concentration, competing solid phase equilibria, equilibrium diagrams.

Oxidation reduction equilibria : Oxidation reduction processes, Nernet equation, stability, diagrams, measuring redox potential.

Colloidal chemistry : Fundamentals, coagulation, mechanisms of coagulation, effect of turbidity and alkalinity, chemistry of coagulants.

Nuclear Chemistry : basic concepts

Adsorption : basic concepts, factors affecting adsorption, isotherm studies.

Ion exchange, reverse osmosis, fluoride removal iron and manganese removal; basic concepts water and wastewater

analysis : basic concepts of quantitative analytical chemistry, instrumental methods of analysis, determination of turbidity, colour, pH, acidity, alkalinity, hardness, residual chlorine and chlorine demand, chlorides, dissolves oxygen demand, nitrogen, solids, iron and manganese, fluoride, sulphate, phosphorous and phosphate, grease, volatile acids, gas analysis, preparation of standard solutions. Drinking water standards.

Trace organics and trace inorganics.

(ENV - 503) PHYSICO-CHEMICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES

Introduction : Definitions of unit operations and processes. Their applications in environmental engineering.

Unit Operations :

a. Mixing : Types of impellers, Baffling, Fluid regions, Power curves, scale up,

Mixing and gas transfer, Flocculation.

b. Sedimentation : Types, Long tube setting tests, scale up, redimentation

equipment, Batch flow and continuous flow operations.

c. Flotation and acrosol separation : Methods of flotation, chemical agents

promoting flotation, gas particle contact. Aerosol, separation- Particle

characteristics, gravity setters, centrifugal separators, impingement separators,

electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers.

d. Flow through beds of solids : slows and filters, rapid sand filters, ion

exchange units, adsorption towers, contacting towers, flow through expanded

beds, flow through porous plates and membranes.

e. Vacuum filtration - Rotary drum filters yields, specific resistance, experimental determination of specific resistance.

f. Gas transfer - Mechanism of transfer, film coefficients and equilibrium

relationship, gas disperses, packed columns, tray columns, spray units.

g. Adsorption and leaching - fixed bed and moving bed adsorption, Leaching,

dispersed contact operation, leaching calculations.

Unit processes - Chemical unit processes -chemical precipitation, adsorption and desorption disinfection with various agents

(ENV- 512) Building Environment (Elective-I)

Orientation and planning for environment

Priciples of heat, thermal insulation, humidity and condensation, air conditioning

Principles of lights, artificial lighting, natural lighting,

Noise, room acoustics

Electricity

Water supplies

Ventilation due to wind, stack effect, combined effect, comfort factors, measurement.

(ENV- 513) Environmental Quality Monitoring (Elective-I)

Air Pollution monitoring:

Classification of sampling methods

Devices

Duration of sampling period

Sampling of particulates, representative sample

Planning : Sampling location

Quality control parameters

Probability sampling and population inference in monitering programs

SEMESTER II

(ENV- 551 )BIOLOGICAL TREATMENT PROCESSES

Object of sewage treatment. Unit operations. Process design and hydraulic design. Period of design. Pre-treatment, Primary treatment and secondary treatment methods. Percentage removal and overall efficiency. Physical, chemical and biological methods of treatment. Measurement of sewage flow.

Screening, Designing of Fixed and Rotary Screens. Operation Disposal of screenings. Comminutors. Separation of grit. Principles of sedimentation applied to design of girt chambers; velocity control devices. Detritus tanks. Centrifugal devices. Disposal of grit. Principles of flotation. Oil and grease separation.

Primary intermediate and final clarification. Design of tanks, inlets, outlets, Sludge moisture content. Intermittent or continuous removal of sludge. Scum removal. Factory affecting performance. Sedimentation aided by chemicals.

Principles of biological treatment of sewage. Mechanism of stabilization, Zoological films. Design and operation of Trickling filters. Natural and artificial media. Factors affecting performance. Ventilation. Expression of loading intensity. Loading. Recirculation. Treatment efficiency of standard and high rate filters. Hydraulic design rotary and fixed dosing nozzles, dosing tanks and underdrains.

Biological treatment in activated sludge process, loading parameters. Sludge-volume Index. Process control. Aeration requirements and methods of aeration-hydraulic and pneumatic or mechanical designs. Sludge bulking and remedial measures, Low-pressure aeration system. Tapered aeration and step-aeration.

General consideration in disposal of sludge. Sludge pumping. Quantities, characteristics and behaviour of sludge. Moisture-weight-volume relationship. Digestibility. Fuel value; Fertilizer value. Flow characteristics. Unit operations in sludge disposal. Sludge thickening, chemical conditioning, elutriation, digestion, vacuum filtration. Incineration, airdrying. Design of sludge digestion tanks. Mixing capacity requirements. Heating, Floating and fixed roofing, performance of conventional and high rate digesters. Disposal of digested sludge, and supernatant. Gas utilization.

(ENV- 552) INDUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT

Stream sanitation. Different equations of self-purification, River standards, Effluent standards, Minimal national standards (MINAS). Sources and effects of various pollutants, Disposal of industrial wastes-on land, in creeks and the sea, in inland streams, into impoundments.

Importance of planning location of industries and industrial estates, Common effluent treatment plants, their economics and management.

Detailed considerations of wastes from industries such as textile (Cotton, wool, rayon, synthetics), sugar, pulp and paper, distilleries, oil refineries, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, dairy, food processing, soaps and detergents, mining, iron and steel, pickling, plating, galvanizing, tanning slaughterhouse, fertilizers, pesticides, dyes and dye intermediates, radioactive wastes.

Recovery of hyproducts, reuse of wastewaters with or without treatment.

(ENV-553) AIR POLLUTION CONTROL

(A) General Topics

Introduction : Types of air pollutants; Sources of air pollutants; Effects of air pollutants on materials and human health.

Legislation and Rgulatory Trends

Indian laws regarding air pollution; Compliance; Judicial interventions; Recent initiatives.

Elements of Metrology

Solar radiation: Wind circulation; Lapse rate; Stability conditions; Wind velocity profiles; Maximum mixing depth; Wind rose; Turbulence; General characteristics of stack plumes; Heat island effect; Global circulation of pollutants.

Dispersion of Pollutants in Atmosphere

Eddy diffusion model: gussian or normal distribution: gussian dispersion model; Evaluation of standard deviation; Maximumj ground level in-line concentration; Effective stack height.

(B) Pollutants in Atmosphere (Particles in Atmosphere)

Particulates

Particulate collection efficiency: Particulate distributions; Settling velocity; Deposition of particulates from stacks; Particulate collection mechanisms; Particulate control equipments. (Gaseous and Vapour Pollutants in Atmosphere)

Relevant Concepts of Chemistry

Fundamentals of chemical thermodynamics; Fundamentals of chemical kinetics; Fundamentals of free radical chemistry; Fundamentals of photochemistry.

Design Concepts for Air Pollution Control

Hood and duct design

 Adsorption : Theory of gaseous adsorption; Design of adsorption bed; regeneration of adsorption bed.

 Absorption : Theory of gas absorption: Design of packed bed absorption tower.

Incinerators : Types of incineration: various design considerations.

Carbon Monoxide (CO)

Kinetics of CO formation; CO emission control.

Hydrocarbons (HCs) and Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs)

HC and VOC Emission Control; Insineration; Adsorption.

Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

Thermodynamics and kinetics of NO and NO2 formation in atmosphere; NOx formation from fuel nitrogen; NOx emission control; Catalytic decomposition of NOx; Other methods of NOx control. Oxides of Sulphur (SOx)

Thermodynamics and kinetics of SOx formation; General control methods; Fuel gas desulphurization process; Gaseous H2SO4 formation and control.

Odour Control

Physical and Chemical properties of odourous substances; odour control methods.

(C) Urban Air Pollution Problems

Domestic Coal Burning

Contribution of domestic coal burning to air pollution problems in Indian cities: Measures for control.

Automobile Exhausts

Type of pollutants: Indian auto emission standards: Problems with compliance; Problems associated with automobile pollution.

Photochemical Smog

Photochemistry behind the occurrence of smog: Role of NOx; Role of HC: Formation of ozone: Oxidation of SO2 and formation of H2SO4 mist; reduction in visibility.

(ENV- 554) eia, AUDITING AND LEGISLATION

Environmental acts - Their need, historical background, national and international acts;

Genesis of environmental acts - General procedure followed in changing a bill into an act; implementation of an act using judiciary, executive and legislative powers and their limitations.

Main national acts - Environmental protection agency, air act, water act, water and sewerage Board's Factory act, Municipal acts, acts dealing with hazardous and infections wastes.

Environmental impact assessment, environmental audit, general procedures followed in preparing reports incorporating EIA ES and EA.

Case laws - Principles of case laws, statutory interpretations, site selection, land use planning, town planning act.

ISO: 14000 - its need, procedure to be followed to obtain

ISO:14000 certification, implications of ISO.

Environmental management plan, environment management cells, rehabilitation and remediation, NGOs and their role.

Environmental and occupational health, industrial hygiene, risk assessment disaster management plan, epidemiology.

Assessment of existing effluent treatment plants, trouble shooting, remedial measures.

(ENV- 561) Environmental Economics and management (Elective-II)

Management of water quality in river systems,

drainage, watershed management, hydropower projects.

Water and soil conservation-strategies

Economics for hydraulics, analysis

Benefit cost analysis

Theory of consumer behaviour.

Theory of the firm.

(ENV- 562) Noise Pollution (Elective-II)

Nature of noise, effects, sources

comparision of noise & air pollution

Assessment and measurement of sound

Principles of noise control at various fields - at home, civil engg.

Works, industries, aircrafts.

Legal aspects of noise pollution

Assesment of impacts of noise environment.

(ENV- 563) Environmental Modelling (Elective-II)

Data models and data quality : Problems & Prospects Atmospheric modelling and its spatial representation of land surface characteristics

Application in agriculture : Global climate modelling requirements

Regional air quality and acid deposition modelling Role of visualization

Hydrological modeling : Water treatment, storage, distribution

Three dimensional-finite element model.

Distributed Rain fall - run off model.

Simple Biosphere Model

Gostatistices-tool for environmental modelers

Wastewater treatment technology and disposal models

SEMESTER III

(ENV-601) ADVANCED TREATMENT METHODS

Membrane Process : Separation processes, reverse osmosis, Ultra filtration, Electrodialysis.

Chemical oxidation :

Oxidation processes, principle & theory of chemical oxidation, oxygen, Ozone, permagnet chlorine, chlorine dioxide.

Disinfection : Disinfection processes, non-chemical methods for disinfection, chemical disinfectants, Halogens other than chlorine, oxidizing agents other than halogen, miscellaneous reagents.

Effect of chemical constituents in waste water Unit operations and process and treatment flow sheets.

Nitrogen Conversion and Removal : Nitrification, denitrification, nitrification-denitrification

Nitrogen removal by by physical-chemical process phosphorous removal, removal of repactory organics, removal of dissolved inorganic substances, removal of dissolved, inorganic substances,. Ultimate disposal of contaminants.

Land treatment method : Development of land treatment systems. Land application of sludge, effluent disposal & reuse.

(ENV- 602)SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

Solid Waste : Sources, types, composition, physical, chemical and biological properties of solid wastes, sources and types of hazardous and infections wastes in municipal solid wastes.

Solid waste generation and collection, Handling, storage, processing, transportation.

Disposal of solid wastes : Materials separation and processing, thermal conversion, biological and chemical conversion, recycling of material in municipal solid wastes, Landfilling, Composing, gas generation, closure of landfills.

Industrial solid wastes: Composition, biodegradable, non biodegradable hazardous, toxi solid wastes,, methods of detoxification, disposal on land disposal into water bodies.

Legal aspects of municipal solid waste collection, conveyance, treatment and disposal.

Hazardous wastes: Origin, quantity and quality parameters.

Treatment and disposal methods: Physico-chemical and biological, stabilization and solidification, thermal methods, land disposal, site remediation.

(ENV- 611) Risk Assessment (Elective-III)

Risk and hazard-a three culture problem.

Natural hazard assessment

Evaluation of ecological risk.

impact assessment of socio-economic environment,

Water environment, noise environment

Methods of analysis.

Case studies of Eia

Health effects, treatment methods