SYLLABI

FOR

M.TECH.

IN 

VLSI AND EMBEDDED SYSTEM DESIGN 

(FT & PT)

 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIN ENGG.

MANIT, BHOPAL

   COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUES IN DIGITAL 

SYSTEM DESIGN

VED 501

Linear and non-linear circuit simulation techniques-Algorithms and computational methods; transient analysis; frequency domain analysis; moment methods; sensitivity analysis timing simulation.  Numerical solution of differential equations-FEM, FVM and FDM, grid generation, error estimates, transient and small signal solutions applications to device and process simulation.  Introduction  to VHDL modeling.  Layout  algorithms, yield estimation algorithms, symbolic analysis and synthesis of analog ICs.

Introduction to physical design, part training algorithms, algorithms for placement and floor planning, global routing and detailed routing.

Familiarity with tools such as SPICE. Device and process simulators, MAGIC, VHDL and project.

Books:

1.    L.O. Chua and P.M. Lin., computer aided analysis of electronics circuits: Algorithms and computational techniques, Prentice – Hall 1975.

2.    L. Pallage. R. Rohrer and C. Visweswaraiah Electronic circuit and system simulation methods, Mc. Graw Hill, 1995.

3.    Naveed Shewani- Algorithms for VLSI Physical design automation, Kluwer academic 1993.

    VLSI TECHNOLOGY

VED 502

Crystal structure, crystal growth and vapour phase expitaxy. Unit processes for VLSI-oxidation, Photolithography, diffusion and ion implementation.  Deposition of metal and dielectric films by vacuum evaporation, sputtering and CVD techniques, wet chemical and dry etching techniques.

Device and circuit fabrication – oscillation, self alignment local oxidation techniques. MOS based silicon ICs-NMOS and CMOS ICs, memory devices, SOI devices, BJT based ICs  choice of transistor types, pmp transistors, advanced structures, Bipolar CMOS (BICMOS) ICs, Resistors, Capacitors.

 Books:

1.    S.K.Gandhi, “VLSI Fabrication Principles”, John Wiley and Sons, NY 1994

2.    S.M.Sze, “VLSI Technology” McGraw-Hill Book company, NY-1988

3.    D.Nagchoudhary, “Principles of Microelectronics Technology”, Wheeler (India), 1998.

ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF ANALOG I.C.

VED 503

Circuit Configuration for Linear IC

Current source, analysis of difference amplifiers with active load, supply and temperature independent biasing techniques, voltage references.

Operational Amplifiers

Analysis of Operational amplifier circuits, slew rate model and high frequency analysis, operational amplifier noise analysis and low noise operational amplifiers.

Analog Multiplier and PLL

Analysis of four quadrant and variable transconductance multiplier, voltage controlled oscilator, closed loop analysis of PLL.

MOS analog ICs

Design of MOS operational amplifier, CMOS voltage reference, MOS Power amplifier and analog switches.

MOS Switched Capacitor Filters

Design techniques for switched capacitor  filter, CMOS switched capacitor filters, MOS integrated active RC filters.

Books:

1.     Gray and Meyer, “Analysis and design of analog ICs”, Wiley International, 1996.

2.     Gray, Wooley, Brodersen, “Analog MOS integrated circuits”, IEEE Press, 1989.

3.     Kenneth R. Laker Willy M.C. Sansen, William  M.C. Sansen, “Design of analog intergrated circuits and systems”, Mc Graw Hill, 1994.

4.     Behzad Razavi, “Principles of Data conversion system design”, S. Chand & Company Ltd. 2000.

ADVANCED DIGITAL SYSTEM DESIGN.

VED 504

Advanced Topics in Boolean Algebra

Shannon’ expansion theorem,  conseusus theorem octal designation, fun measure, INHIBIT/ INCLUSION/ AOI/ Driver/ Buffer gates, gate expander, reed muller expansion, synthesis of multiple output combinational logic circuits by product map method, design of static hazard free and dynamic hazard free logic circuits.

Threshold Logic

Linear seperability, unateness, physical implementaion, dual comparability, reduced functions, various theorems in threshold logic, synthesis of single gate and multigate threshold network.

Symmetric Functions

Elementary symmetric  functions, partially symmetric and totally symmetric functions, Mc Cluskey decomposition method, unity ratio symmetric ratio functions, synthesis of symmetric function by contact networks.

Sequential Logic Circuits

Mealy machine, moore machine, trivial/reversible/ isomorphic sequential machines, state diagram, state table minimization, incompletely specified sequential machines, state assignments, design of synchronous and asynchronous sequential logic circuits working in the fundamental mode and pulse mode, essential hazards unger’s theorem.

Programmable Logic Devices

Basic concepts, programming technologies, programmable logic element (PLE), programmable logic array (PLA), porgrammable array logic (PAL), structure and standrd PLD’s, complex PLDs (CPLD).  System design using PLD’s – design of combinational and sequential circuits using PLD’s programmable PAL device using PALASM, design of state machine using Algorithmic State Machines (ASM) chart as a design tool. Introduction to field programmable gate arrays – types of FPGA, Xilinx XC3000 series, Logic Cell array (LCA), configurable logic blocks (CLB) input/output block (IOB) – programmable interconnect point (PIP), introduction to Actel ACT2 family and Xilinx XC4000 families, Design examples.

Books:

1.    William I Fletcher, “An Engineering Approach to Digital Design”, Prentice Hall of India, 1996.

2.    James E. Palmer, David E. Perlman, “Introduction to Digital Systems”, Tata McGraw Hill, 1996.

3.    N.N. Biswas, “Logic Design Theory”, Prentice Hall of India 1993.

4.    S.Devadas. A Ghosh and K Keutzer, “Logic synthesis”, Mc Graw Hill, 1994.

Elective I: (i) LOW POWER VLSI DESIGN

VED 511

Introduction – simulation – power analysis – probabilistic power analysis.

Circuit – logic – special techniques – architecture and systems.

Advanced Techniques – architecture and systems.

Advanced techniques – low power CMOS VLSI design – physics of power dissipation in CMOS FET Devices.

Power Estimation – Synthesis for Low Power – Design and Test of Low Voltages – CMOS circuits.

Low Power Static RAM Architectures – low energy computing using energy recovery techniques – software design for low  power.

 Books:

1.    Gary Yeap “Practical Low Power Digital VLSI Design” 1997.

2.    Kaushik Roy, Sharat Prasad, “Low Power CMOS VLSI Circuit Design”, 2000

Elective I: (ii) DESIGN OF SEMICONDUCTOR MEMORIES

VED 512

Random Access Memory Technologies

Static Random Access Memories (SRAMs):

SRAM cell structure- MOS SRAM architecture – MOS SRAM cell and peripheral circuit operation – bipolar SRAM technologies – silicon on insulator (SOI) technology – advanced SRAM architectures and technologies, application specific SRAMs.

Dynamic Random Access Memories (DRAMs): DRAM technology development – CMOS CRAMs – DRAMs cell theory and advanced cell structures- BiCMOS DRAMs-soft error failure in DRAMs – Advanced DRAM designs and architecture – application specific DRAMs.

Nonvolatile  Memories:

Masked Read – only memories (ROMs): High density ROMs – programmable read-only memories (PROMs)- bipolar PROMs – CMOS PROMs – erasable (UV)- Programmble read-only memories (EPROMs)- Floating Gate EPROM cell- one – time progammable (OTP) Eproms – Electrically Erasable PROMs (EEPROMs) – EEPROM technology and architecture –nonvolatile SRAM-Flash memories (EPROMs or  EEPROM) – Advanced flash memory architecture.

Memory fault modeling, testing and memory design for Testability and fault tolerance, RAM fault modeling, electrical testing, Peusdo random testing – megabit DRAM testing – nonvolatile memory modeling and testing – IDDQ fault modeling and testing – application specific memory testing.

Semiconductor memory reliability and radiation effects

General Reliability issues – RAM  failure modes and mechanism – nonvolatile memory reliability – reliability modeling  and failure rate prediction – design for reliability – reliability test structures – reliability screening and qualification.

Radiation effects – single event phenomenon (SEP)- radiation hardening techniques – radiation hardening process and design issues – radiation hardened memory characteristics – radiation  hardness assurance and testing – radiation dosimetry – water level radiation testing  and test structures.

Advanced memory technologies and high-density memory packaging technologies

Ferroelectric Random Access Memories (FRAMs) – Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) FRAMs – Analog memories magnetoresistive random access memories (MRAMs) – Experimental memory devices.

Memory hybrids and MCMs (2D) – Memory stacks and MCMs (3D) – Memory MCM testing and reliability issues- memory cards- high density memory packaging future directions.

 Books:

1.    Ashok K.Sharma, “Semiconductor Memories Technology, testing and reliability”, Prentice hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi 1997.

Elective I: (iii) ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERFERENCE AND

                       COMPATIBILITY IN SYSTEM DESIGN

VED 513

EMI Environment

Sources of EMI, conducted and radiated EMI, transient EMI, EMI-EMC definitions and units of parameters.

EMI Coupling Principles

Conducted, radiated and transient coupling, common independence ground coupling, radiated common mode and ground loop coupling, radiated differential mode coupling, near field cable to cable coupling, power mains and power supply coupling.

EMI Specification/Standards /Limits

Unit of specifications, civilian standards military standards.

EMI Measurements

EMI test instruments/systems, EMI test, EMI Shielded chamber, open area test site, TEM Cell antennas, conductors nsures/injectors/couplers, military test method and procedures, calibration procedures.

EMI Control Techniques

Shielding, filtering, grounding, bonding, isolation transformer, transient suppressors, cable routing, signal control, component selection and mounting.

EMC Design of PCBs

PCB traces cross talk, impedance control, power distribution decoupling, zoning, motherboard designs and propagation delay performance models.

Books:

1.    Bernhard Keiser, “Principles of Electromagnetic Compatiblity”, Artech house, 3^rd Ed., 1986.

2.    Henry W.Ott, “Noise Reduction Techniques in Electronic Systems”, John wiley and Sons. 1988.

Elective I:  (IV) COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORK

VED 514

Study of function  TCP/IP ref. Model in computer networks. Switching Techniques & Switches, Broadband ISDN & ATM. Polling techniques, multiplexing & concentration, LAN component, Transmission media used in physical layer,X.25 networks.

ALOHA. IEEE standards for LAN. High speed fiber optic networks. FDDI,SONET satellite networks, packet radio networks. Data link layer protocols, error detection  & correction codes in DLL .Protocol performance evaluation, Protocol specification & verification. Routing & congestion in network layer, routing & congestion control algorithms. Network layer in Internet and ATM networks. Network  synchronization, traffic analysis. Network management in routing control.

Connection management in transport layer . Protocols in transport  layer, Internet transport protocols like TCP, UDP etc. ATM protocols.

Data security & cryptography techniques, access management in application layer, World Wide Web ,e-mail ,concept of virtual terminals.

Study of different computer networks.

Books:

1.Computer Network, Tanenbaum, P.H.I publication.

2.Data and computer Communication: William Stalling.

3.Computer and Internet by Comer, McGraw Hill.

EMBEDDED SYSTEMS

VED 551

Introduction Review of Embedded Hardware

Terminology gates- timing diagram – memory microprocessors buses-direct memory access-interrupts- bulit-ins on the microprocessor-conventions used on schematic- schematic, interrupts microprocessor architecture – interrupts basics- share data problem- interrupt latency.

PIC Micro-controller and Interfacing

Introduction, CPU architecture, registers, instruction sets addressing modes loop timing, timers interrupts, interrupts, timing I/o expansion, I 2 C bus operation serial EPROM, analog to digital converter, UART-Baud Rate-Data Handling-initialization, special features- serial programming – parallel slave port.

Embedded Microcomputer Systems

Motorola MC68H11 family architecture registers, addressing modes programs, interfacing methods parallel i/o interface, parallel port interface, memory interfacing. High speed i/o interfacing, interrupts – interrupt service routine-features of interrupts – interrupt vector and priority, timing generation  and measurements, input capture, output compare, frequency measurement, serial i/o devices Rs232, Rs485.  Analog interfacing, applications.

Software Development and Tools

Embedded system evolution trends, round-robin, robin with interrupts, function – one scheduling architecture, algorithms, introduction to- assembler - compiler-cross compilers  and integrated development environment (IDE). Object oriented interfacing, recursion, debugging strategies, simulators.

Real Time Operating Systems

Task and Task States, tasks and data, semaphores and shared Data Operating system services- message questimer function- events  - memory management, interrupt routines in an RTOS environment, basic design using RTOS.

 Books:

1.    David E Simon, “An embedded software primer”, Pearson education Asia, 2001.

2.    John B Peat man, “Design with micro-controller”, Pearson education Asia, 1998.

3.    Jonarthan W Valvano Brooks/code, “Embedded micro computer systems, Real time interfacing”, Thomson learning 2001.

4.Burns, Alan and Welling, Andy, “real – time systems and

   programming languages”, Second edition. Harlow: Addison-

   Wesley-Longman, 1997.

5.Raymond J A Bhur and Donald L Bialey, “An introduction to real

   time systems: Design to networking with C/C++, Prentice hall Inc.

   New Jersey, 1999.

6. Grehan Moore, and Cyliax, “Real time programming: A guide to

   32 bit embedded development reading” Addison- Wesley-

   Longman, 1998.

7. Health, Steve, “Embedded Systems Design” , Newnes 1997.

CAD OF DIGITAL SYSTEMS

VED 552

Introduction to VLSI Methodologies – VLSI Physical Design Automation – Design and Fabrication of VLSI Devices – Fabrication process and its impact on Physical Design.

A Quick Tour of VLSI design automation tools – Data structures and basic algorithms – algorithms graph theory and computational complexity – tractable and intractable problems.

General purpose methods for combinational optimization – partitioning- floor planning and pin assignment – placement – routing.

Simulation – logic synthesis- verification – high  level synthesis – compaction.

Physical design automation of FPGAs, MCMS-VHDL-Verilog-implementation of simple circuits using VHDL and verilog.

Books:

1.    N.A. Sherwani, “Algorithms for VLSI Physical Design Automation”, 1999.

2.    S.H. Gerez, “Algorithms for VLSI Design Automation, 1998.

VLSI SIGNAL PROCESSING

VED 553

Introduction to DSP systems – Iteration Bound – Pipelined and parallel processing.

Retiming – unfolding – algorithmic strength reduction in filters and transforms.

Systolic architecture design – fast convolution – pipelined and parallel recursive and adaptive  filters.

Scaling and round off noise – digital lattice filter structures – bit level arithmetic architecture – redundant arithmetic.

Numerical strength reduction – synchronous, wave and asynchronous  pipe lines – low power design – programmable digit signal processors.

Book:

1.    Keshab K. Parthi, “VLSI Digital signal processing systems, design and implementaion”, Wiley, Inter Science, 1999.

2.    Mohammad Isamail and Terri Fiez, “Analog VLSI signal and information processing”, Mc Graw – Hill

3.    S.Y.  Kung, H.J. White House, T. Kailath, “VLSI and Modern Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1985.

VLSI PHYSICAL DESIGN AUTOMATION

VED 554

VLSI Physical Design Automation: VLSI design cycle, physical design cycle, design styles and system packaging styles.

Design and Fabrication of VLSI device: Fabrication materials, transistor fundamentals, fabrication of VLSI circuits, design rules, layout of basic devices, and additional fabrication factors.

Data structure and basic algorithms: Basic terminology, complexity issues and NP-hard problems, basic algorithms (Graph and computational geometry), Basic data structures and graph algorithms for physical design.

Partitioning: Problem formulation, classification of partitioning algorithms, group migration algorithms, simulated annealing and evolution, other partitioning algorithms and performance driven partitioning.

Placement, floor planning and pin assignment: Placement, floorplanning, pin assignment, integrated approach.

Global Routing: Problem formulation  classification of global routing algorithms, maze routing algorithms, line  - probe algorithms, shortest path based algorithms, steiner tree based algorithms, and integer programming based approach.

Books:

1.       Naveed Sherwani, “Algorithms for VLSI physical design automation”, Kluwer academic publisher – 1993.

Elective – II: (i) ASIC DESIGN

VED 561

Introduction to ASICS, CMOS LOGIC and ASIC Library Design

Types of ASICs – design flow- CMOS transistors CMOS design rules – combinational logic cell – sequential logic cell- Data path logic cell – transistors and resistors – transistor parasitic capacitance – logical effort – library cell design – library architecture.

Programmable ASICS, Programmable ASIC Logic cells and Programmable ASIC I/o cells

Anti fuse- static RAM – EPROM and EEPROM technology, PREP benchmarks- Actel ACT-Xilinx LCA- Altera FLEX- Altera MAX DC & AC inputs and outputs – clock & Power inputs – Xilinx I/O blocks.

Programmable ASIC Interconnect, Programmable ASIC design software and Low level design entry

Actel ACT-Xilinx LCA – Xilinx EPLD – Altera MAX 5000 and 7000 – Altera MAX 9000 – Altera FLEX- Design systems – Logic synthesis – half gate ASIC schematic entry – low level design language – PLA tools – ENDIF-CFI design representation.

Logic Synthesis, Simulation and Testing

Verilog and logic synthesis – VHDL and logic synthesis – types  of simulation – boundary scan test- fault simulation automatic test pattern generation.

ASIC construction, Floor Planning, Placement and routing

System partition – FPGA partitioning – partitioning methods – floor planning – placement – physical design flow- global routing – detailed routing – special routing – circuit extraction – DRC.

 Books:

1.    M.J.S. Smith, “Application – specific integrated circuits” – Addison – Wesley Longman Inc. 1997.

2.    Andrew Brown, - “VLSI circuits and systems in silicon”, Mc Graw Hill, 1991.

3.    S.D. Brown, R.J. Francis, J.Rox, Z.G. Uranesic, “Field Programmable gate arrays”, Khuever academic publisher, 1992.

4.    S.Y.Kung, H.J. Whilo House, T.Kailath, “VLSI and Modern Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall, 1985.

Elective – II: (ii) ADVANCED MICROPROCESSORS & MICROCONTROLLERS

VED 562

Microprocessor organization: CPU, memory i/o, operating system, multiprogramming, multithreading, MS-Windows.

Microprocessor Systems: Overview of 8086/8088, IBM PC Architecture, MASM- assembler directive, exe files, con files, real mode, protected mode, DPMI services.

80386 Processor architecture, instruction set, SRAM interfacing, DRAM interfacing, interrupt controllers, DMI controllers, interfacing and communication with 80387.

Memory management: Virtual memory concepts, memory management unit.

Differences between  80386 and 80486, Pentium processor architectural enhancements.

Microcontrollers: overview of 8051 (8-bit) and 80196 (16-bit) microcontroller architectures, architectural features of DSP microcontrollers such as ADSP21XX/TMS320 XX applications.

Books:

1.    “Intel Microprocessors, architecture programming and interfacing – 8086/8088/80186,80286/80386 and 80486”, by Barry B.Brey, PHI, 1995

2.    AD/TMS data books.

Elective – II: (iii) RELIABILITY ENGINEERING

VED 563

Introduction

Reliability fundamentals and bath tub curve, reliability measures and parameters, electronic system reliability, hazard rate model, probability concepts and failure time distribution.

System reliability

System  reliability modeling, v-out  of ‘n’ system, analysis of complex reliability structures, system reliability estimation.

Device Reliability

Accelerated life testing, early life reliability, long term device reliability, electrostatic discharge, electrical stress, steady state hazard rate.

Reliability Techniques

Reliability  prediction, cut set, tie set, FME set, PTA, Markov, Monte Carlo Simulation, application to electronic systems.

Maintainability and availability concepts

Guidelines for design for maintainability, MITR, BIT/BITE facility, spares provisioning, electronics system packaging and interconnections.

Books:

1.    Lewis, “Introduction to reliability engineering”, 2^nd edition, Wiley international 1996.

2.    O’Connor, P.D.T., “Practical reliability engineering”, Hayden book company, New Jersey, 1981.

Elective – II: (iv) MEMS AND IC INTEGRATION

VED 564

Overview of CMOS process in IC fabrication, MEMS system-level design methodology, Equivalent Circuit representation of MEMS, signal-conditioning circuits, and sensor noise calculation.

Pressure sensors with embedded electronics (Analog/Mixed signal): Accelerometer with transducer,Gyroscope,RF MEMS switch with electronics,Bolo meter design.

RF MEMS, and Optical MEMS.

Books:

        1.       Gregory T.A. Kovacs, Micromachined Transducers Sourecbook, The McGraw-Hill, Inc. 1998

        2.       Stephen D. Senturia, Microsystem Design, Kluar Publishers, 2001

        3.       Nadim Maluf, An Introduction to Microelectromechanical Systems Engineering, Artech House, 2000.

        4.       M.H. Bao, Micro Mechanical Transducers, Volume 8, Handbook of Sensors and Actuators, Elsevier, 2000.

        5.       Masood Tabib-Azar, Microactuators, Kluwer, 1998.

        6.       Ljubisa Ristic, Editor, Sensor Technology and Devices, Artech House, 1994

        7.       D. S. Ballantine, et. al., Acoustic Wave Sensors, Academic Press, 1997

        8.       H. J. De Los Santos, Introduction to Micro electro- mechanical (MEM) Microwave Systems, Artech, 1999.

        9.       James M.Gere and Stephen P. Timoshenko, Mechanics of

            Materials, 2nd Edition, Brooks/Cole Engineering

                  Division, 1984

TESTING OF VLSI CIRCUITS

VED 601

Introduction – VLSI testing process and test equipment – test economics and product quality – fault modeling – logic and fault simulation.

Testability Measures – combinational circuit test generation – sequential circuit test generation.

Memory test – analog and mixed signal test – delay test – IDDQ Test.

DFT fundamentals – ATPQ fundamental – scan architecture and technique.

System test – embedded  core – test – future testing.

Books:

1.    Viswani D. Agraval Michael L. Bushnell, “Essentials of Electronic Testing for digital memory and mixed signal VLSI circuit”, Kluwer Academic Publications, 1999.

2.    Alfred L. Crouch “Design for test for  digital ICs and embedded core systems” – PHI 1999.

NANO TECHNOLOGY

VED 602

Introduction

Introduction to nanoscale systems. Length energy and time scales. Top down approach to Nano lithography.Spatialresolution of optical,deep ultraviolet, X-ray, electron beam and ion beam lithography. Single electron transistors, coulomb blockade effects in ultra small metallic tunnel junctions.

Quantum Mechanics

Quantum confinement of electrons in semiconductor nano structures. Two dimensional confinement ( Quantum wells), Band gap engineering, Epitaxy, Landaeur,- Buttiker Formulism for conduction in confined geometries, one dimensional confinement, quantum point context, quantum dots and bottom of approach, introduction to quantum methods for information processing.

Molecular Techniques

Molecular Electronics, Chemical self assembly, carbon nano tubes, self assembled mono layers , Electomechanical techniques, Applications in biological and chemical detection, Atomic scales characterization techniques, scanning, tunneling microscopy,atomic force microscopy.

Books:

1. Beenaker and van Houten “Quantum Transport in Semiconductor Nanostructurenes in solid state Physics” Ehernereich and Turnbell,Academic press,1991

2.David Ferry ” Transport in Nano structures”  Cambridge

    University press 2000

3.    Y.Imry “Introduction to Mesoscopic Physics, Oxford University press 1997

4.    3.S.dutta “electron Transport in Mesoscopic system” Cambridge University press 1995

5.    H Grabert and M.Devoret”single charge Tunneling” Plenum         

     press 1992

Elective – III:  (i)NEURAL NETWORKS

VED 611

Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks

Neuro-physiology – general processing element – ADALINE – LMS learning rule – MADLINE – MR2 training algorithm.

BPN and BAM

Back propagation network – updating of output and hidden layer weights – application of BPN – associated memory – Bi-directional associative memory – Hopfield memory – traveling sales man problem.

Simulated Annealing and CPN

Annealing, Boltzmann machine – learning – application – counter propagation network – architecture – training – applications.

SOM and ART

Self organizing  map – learning algorithm – featuring map classifier – applications – architecture of adaptive resonance theory – pattern matching in ART network.

Neocognitron

Architecture of Neocognitron – Data processing and performance of architecture of spacio – temporal networks for speech recognition.

Books :

1.    J.A. Freeman and B.M.Skapure, “Neural Networks, Algorithms Applications and programming Techniques”, Addison – Wesely, 1990

2.    Laurence Fausett, “Fundamental of Nerual Networks: Architecture, algorithms and application”, Prentice Hall, 1994.

Elective – III: (ii) COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE AND PARALLEL  PROCESSING

VED 612

THEORY OF PARALLELISM

Parallel computer models-the state of computing. Multiprocessors and Multicomputers and Multivectors and SIMD computers, PRAM and VLSI models, Architectural development tracks. Programs and network properties-Conditions of parallelism, Program partitioning and scheduling , Program flow mechanisms,  System interconnect architectures. Principles of scalable performance matrices and measures, Parallel processing applications, speed up performance laws, scalability analysis and approaches.

HARWARE TECHNOLOGIES

Processor and memory hierarchy advanced processor technology, superscalar and vector processors, memory hierarchy technology, virtual memory technology , bus cache and shared memory – backplane bus systems, cache memory organizations, shared memory  organizations, sequential and weak consistency models.

PIPELINING AND SUPER SCALAR TECHNOLOGIES

Parallel and scalable architectures, Multiprocessor and multicomputers , Multivector and SIMD computers, Scalable, Multithreaded and data flow architectures.

SOFTWARE AND PARALLEL PROGRAMMING

Parallel models, Languages and compilers , Parallel program development and environments , UNIX,MACH and OSF/1 for parallel computers.

Books

1. Kai hwang . “ Advanced Computer Architecture” , McGraw Hill International ,1993.

2. William Stalling ,”Computer Organization and Architecture”, Macmillan Publishing Company ,1990.

3. M .J. Quinn,” Designing Efficient Algorithms for Parallel Computers” , McGraw Hill International ,1994.

Elective – III: (iii) ADVANCED DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING

VED 613

Discrete Random Signal Processing

Discrete Random Process, Expectations, Variance, Co-Variance, Scalar Product, Energy of Discrete Signals-Parseval’s Theorem, Wiener Khintchine Relation – Power Spectral Density – Priodogram-Sample Auto-correlation-Sum Decomposition Theorem, Spectral Factorization Theorem – Discrete Random Signal Processing by Linear Systems – Simulation of White Noise – Low Pass filtering of White Noise.

Spectrum Estimation

Non-Parametric Methods-correlation Method – Co-Variance Estimator – Performance Analysis of Estimators Unbiased, Consistent Estimators – Periodogram Estimator-Barlett Spectrum Estimation Welch  Estimation – Model based Approach – Ar, MA, ARMA Signal Modelling – Parameter Estimation using Yule – Walker Method.

Linear Estimation and Prediction

Maximum likehood criterion efficiency  of estimator-least mean squared error criterion-Wiener filter-Discrete Wiener Hoff equations Recursive estimators – Kalman filter – linear prediction, prediction error-whitening filter, inverse filter – levinson recursion, lattice realization, and levinson recursion algorithm for solving topelitz system of equations.

Adaptive Filters

FIR adaptive filters-Newton’s steepest descent method-adaptive filter based on steepest descent method Widrow Hoff LMS adaptive algorithm-adaptive channel equalization –adaptive echo chancellor-adaptive noise cancellation RLS adaptive filters-exponentially weighted RLS-sliding window RLS simplified IIR LMS adaptive filter.

Multirate Digital Signal Processing

Mathematical  description of change of sampling rate – interpolation and decimation continuous time  model-Direct digital domain approach-decimation by an integer factor-interpolation by an integer factor-single and multistage realization – poly phase realization – application to sub band coding- wavelet transform and filter bank implementation of wavelet expansion of signals.

Books

1.     Monson H. Hayes, “Statistical Digital Signal Processing and Modeling”, John Wiley and Sons. Inc. New York, 1996.

Reference:

1.    Spocles J. Orfandis, “Optimum signal processing”, McGraw Hill 1990

2.    John G. Proakis, Dimitris G. Manolkis, “Digital Signal Processing”, Prentice Hall of India 1996.

Elective – III: (iv) REAL TIME SYSTEMS

VED 614

Introduction, Real-time Versus Conventional Software, Computer Hardware for Monitoring and Control, Software Engineering Issues.Process and State-based Systems model, Periodic and Sporadic Process, Cyclic Executives, CE definitions and Properties, Foreground-Background Organiazations, Standard OS and Concurrency – Architectures, Systems Objects and Object-Oriented Structures, Abstract Data Types, General Object Classes Requirements and Design Specifications: Classification of Notations, Data Flow Diagrams, Tabular Languages, State Machine, Communicating Real Time State Machine- Basic features, Timeing and clocks, Sementics Tools and Extensions, Statecharts-Concepts and Graphical Syntax, Semantics and Tools

Declarative Specifications: Regular Expressions and Extensions, Traditional Logics- Propositional Logic, Predicates, Temporal logic, Real time Logic Deterministic Scheduling : Assumptions and Candidate Algorithms, Basic RM and EDF Results, Process Interactions-Priority Inversiotn and Inheritance Execution Time Prediction: Measurement of Software by software, Program Analysis with Timing Schema, Schema Concepts, Basic Blocks, Statements and Control, Schema Practice, Prediction by optimisation, System Interference and Architectural Complexities Timer Application, Prosperities of Real and ideal clocks, Clock Servers – Lamport’s Logical clocks, Monotonic Clock service, A software Clock server, Clock Synchronization- Centralized Synchronization, Distributed Synchronization Programming Languages: Real Time Language Features, Ada-Core Language, Annex Mechanism for Real Time Programming, Ada and Software Fault Tolerance, Java and Real-time Externsions, CSP and Occam

Operating Systems: Real Time Functions and Sevices, OS Architectures-Real Time UNIX and POSIX, Issues in Task management- Processes and Threads, Scheduling, Synchronization and communication.

 Book:

1. Real – Time Systems and software by Alan C. Shaw ; John Wiley & Sons Inc